Most energy estimates during TR are based on temperature traces of the battery body alone, often neglecting: The heat exchange dynamics between gases, cell, and canister surfaces. This results in significant underestimation of the total heat released—by as much as 30% to 50%, as confirmed experimentally.
This value reflects the high heat dissipation capability of the casing in thermal runaway scenarios, contributing significantly to radiative heat transfer. Further, the thermal conductivity of the external casing was set at 10.26 W/ m 2 K, corresponding to the typical conductivity of aluminum, which is widely used in battery pack enclosures.
Scientific Reports 15, Article number: 24004 (2025) Cite this article Thermal stability in lithium-ion batteries is crucial for ensuring safety in energy storage systems and electric vehicles, where thermal runaway poses significant risks due to localized heating and the uncontrolled propagation of exothermic reactions.
An experimental study on thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy and prediction of heat release rate. J. Power Sources 472, 228585 (2020). Ouyang, D. et al. An experimental investigation on thermal runaway features of lithium-ion cells under tunnel situations.
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CALBET (CALorimetric Battery Energy Tool) is an in-house thermodynamic model developed at CMT – Clean Mobility & Thermofluids, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) …
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