Home storage batteries connected to solar use the same general model. DC batteries run power through an inverter to convert it to AC. “AC batteries” on the market simply have a built-in inverter that lets them convert DC directly into AC. Understanding the differences between AC and DC is important in the solar industry.
Solar panels generate DC (Direct Current) electricity when sunlight hits them. However, homes and the electrical grid use AC (Alternating Current). This difference means that, in most solar systems, the DC power produced by your solar panels must be converted into AC for use in your home or to send back to the grid. That’s where inverters come in.
Because the PV array rarely produces power to its STC capacity, it is common practice and often economically advantageous to size the inverter to be less than the PV array. This ratio of PV to inverter power is measured as the DC/AC ratio. A healthy design will typically have a DC/AC ratio of 1.25.
This AC power can then be used in your home or sent to the grid. However, since batteries store energy as DC, the AC power must be converted back to DC to charge the batteries. This conversion requires a second inverter, called a multimode inverter or battery inverter, which handles both the AC-to-DC and DC-to-AC conversions.
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