Another method of dealing with network outages is proposed in , where the line outage is simulated by modifying the injected powers at both ends of the line, so that the total power leaving the line is same as in the case of actual line outage.
Outage rate is defined as the ratio of the number of hours a generating unit is out of service due to unexpected breakdowns or shortages to the total number of service hours. How useful is this definition? You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this topic. 2016, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Neeraj Gupta
If the outage rate of each MCT is neglected, then the average power output of the MCT group would be 0.1589 MW higher which results in an overestimate of energy yield by 1391.964 MWh per year. Fig. 8. A MCT group with five 1 MW MCTs.
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