A State-of-the-art review on the seismic response and design of tunnels is presented. Emphasis is placed on recorded responses of actual tunnels during past earthquakes. Relevant recent experimental and numerical studies are discussed. The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the current understanding of the seismic behaviour of tunnels.
More well-documented case studies of actual tunnels under seismic loadings are necessary, beyond the limited available qualitative post-earthquake observations, to improve the understanding of the complex behaviour of tunnels during earthquakes and validate analysis tools.
The observation of damage induced by past-earthquakes highlighted that tunnels in seismic-prone areas should be generally designed to cope with ground shaking due to wave propagation or permanent ground deformations due to seismically-induced ground failures, such as liquefaction, lateral spreading, landslides and fault rupture.
As shown above, understanding of the seismic behaviour of tunnels has continuously improved, thanks to the introduction of rational methods of analysis, based on the interpretation of observations from the response of actual tunnels during seismic events, as well as laboratory testing.
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This paper uses shake table tests to study tunnel landslide failures in earthquake zones under four conditions: (GK1) the tunnel intersects the sliding mass, (GK2) the tunnel is …
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Relevant recent experimental and numerical studies are discussed. The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the current understanding of the seismic behaviour of …
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This paper uses shake table tests to study tunnel landslide failures in earthquake zones under four conditions: (GK1) the tunnel …
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